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Insider Threats: How to detect and protect from them

Updated over 3 weeks ago

Introduction

Insider threats are security risks that originate from within the organization. These threats involve individuals with authorized access, such as employees or contractors, who may intentionally or accidentally cause data breaches or security incidents. Because these users possess legitimate credentials, they can often bypass traditional security measures like firewalls, antivirus software, or intrusion detection systems that are designed to keep external attackers out.

Teramind provides a comprehensive framework to identify these risks by monitoring behavior, automating prevention, and conducting deep forensic analysis.

Types of Insider Threats

Not all threats are intentional. It is important to distinguish between two main types when managing your users:

  • Malicious Insiders: Individuals who intentionally use their access to harm the organization, often for financial gain, revenge, or competitive advantage.

  • Negligent Users: Individuals who accidentally cause security breaches through poor habits, such as clicking phishing links, misplacing devices, or using unauthorized cloud storage.

How to Use Teramind to Detect and Prevent Insider Threats

The most effective way to protect your organization from such threats is to identify suspicious intent before an action is taken. Teramind provides a multi-layered approach to security:

Maintain Visibility with Activity Dashboards

Visibility is the foundational layer of any insider threat program. Teramind provides high-definition oversight of all user actions, ensuring that you can see exactly how company data is being handled as it happens.

How it works:

  • Dedicated Activity Dashboards: Use dedicated monitoring Dashboards such as Applications & Websites, Emails, Instant Messages, etc. to check for specific threat vectors. These dashboards provide a granular look at how users interact with external platforms and internal tools to identify technical anomalies. For example, the Applications & Websites dashboard allows security teams to map "normal" tool usage for specific roles, making it easy to spot deviations such as an employee suddenly using system utilities (e.g., “icacls.exe”) or unauthorized "Shadow IT" cloud storage for potential data exfiltration. The Emails dashboard helps you monitors inbound and outbound traffic, flagging high-risk indicators like mass forwarding to external domains or the inclusion of sensitive attachments. By correlating these metrics, organizations can detect "low and slow" patterns, such as increased after-hours activity or unusual data movement that signal a shift from productive work to a potential insider threat.

  • Advanced Filtering: Utilize the built-in filters to find high-risk or targeted activities quickly. For example, in the File Events dashboard, you can filter for "Upload" or "Remove" event types to pinpoint potential data exfiltration. This level of detail ensures that no suspicious action goes unnoticed.

  • Employee Details: Access the Employe Details screen to review a consolidated view of an individual's behavior. This includes their application and web activity, keystrokes, file transfers, and other essential data points in one centralized location.

Automated Prevention with Behavior Policies & Rules

Relying on manual review is not enough to stop insider risks. Teramind allows you to configure automated policies and rules to proactively block unauthorized activities or intervene the moment a high-risk behavior occurs. This automated response layer ensures that mitigation happens immediately, neutralizing insider threats at the point of origin before they can compromise your organization.

How it works:

  • Behavior Policies & Rules: The intuitive, visual Rules Editor, accessible from the Behavior Policies screen, allows you to detect insider threats. You can build complex, multi-layered triggers by utilizing diverse detection criteria, conditions, and advanced logic. These "smart rules" can be tailored to monitor for critical indicators for insider activities, ranging from simpler behaviors, such as a user trying to use an unauthorized app, taking a screenshot, or uploading sensitive data to identifying technical maneuvers like attempts to modify GPO policies to enact defense evasion. By combining specific criteria like user groups, high-risk schedules, and detailed content definitions, you can identify "low and slow" attacks that typically bypass standard security filters.

  • Automated Intervention: Once a threat is detected, Rule Actions provide the mechanism for immediate, automated prevention to stop a threat before it occurs. Depending on the severity of the incident, the Teramind Agent can deploy a range of defensive measures, from a deterrent Warn pop-up that alerts a user to a policy violation, to a Block action that instantly terminates a prohibited file transfer or email. For high-risk scenarios, such as suspected account takeover or active data exfiltration, the Lock User action can completely sever a user’s session, preventing further unauthorized access to the network. Furthermore, the system can execute the Command action to execute commands or scripts on the endpoint, such as disabling a network interface or closing a specific application. This automated response layer ensures that mitigation happens in milliseconds - neutralizing insider threats at the point of origin.

Leveraging Teramind Demo and Sample Rules for Inspiration

To jumpstart your policy and rule creation, you can explore the Teramind Demo Dashboard, which contains hundreds of pre-built policies and rule templates. These samples provide a practical look at how to structure rules for diverse scenarios, such as preventing data loss, identifying abusive behavior, or implementing the MITRE ATT&CK™ Framework. This hands-on resource is designed to help you understand the behavioral engine's logic before transitioning to building customized rules tailored to your organization's unique security and compliance requirements.

For a deeper dive, you can explore our rule examples and our rule examples. These resources provide a detailed analysis of how various rules function, breaking down the specific logic, triggers, and expected outcomes for common security scenarios.

Conduct Risk Assessment with the Behavior Alerts Dashboard

Managing security effectively requires prioritizing the most significant threats. The Behavior Alerts Dashboard aggregates all rule alerts and risk data to help you focus your investigation on high-risk individuals.

How it works:

  • Behavior Alerts: The Basic tab of the Behavior Alerts dashboard provides a chronological record of every policy and rule violated across the organization. This centralized report enables security teams to move beyond isolated incidents and identify evolving patterns of suspicious behavior over time, such as repetitive unauthorized access, exfiltration attempts, or unusual logins. By detailing the specific triggers, the dashboard provides visibility into the exact rule criteria and conditions to help you understand the context. Furthermore, built-in heatmaps and charts allow administrators to cross-reference these technical logs with temporal data, making it easier to distinguish between routine operational tasks and high-risk anomalies that require immediate investigation.

  • Rule-Based Risk Assignment: You assign risk severity to a rule from its Actions > Advance tab. This will allow you to track the risk records on the Risk tab.

  • Risk Dashboard: The Risk tab of the Behavior Alerts dashboard serves as a centralized hub for detecting insider threats by correlating user activities with established behavioral baselines. By analyzing the top violating employees and top risky rules, security teams can pinpoint individuals who frequently bypass protocols or engage in high-risk actions. A risk heatmap view allows administrators to identify temporal patterns, such as spikes in suspicious activity during off-hours while the top risky departments view helps prioritize security training and resource allocation for high-exposure business units like Sales or Marketing. This combination of real-time monitoring and historical trend analysis enables organizations to transition from reactive incident response to proactive risk mitigation.

Use Session Player and OCR for Forensic Investigation

If a security incident is flagged, you need undeniable evidence to understand the context and intent. The Session Player provides a video record of the event, while OCR (dashboard and rules) makes that video searchable.

How it works:

  • Forensic Review: Use the Session Player as a powerful forensic tool to gain a visual, time-stamped record of every user action, whether you are reviewing historical data or monitoring a live session. You can open any activity on the dashboards in the Session Player to see a step-by-step playback of the incident. When you suspect an insider threat, you can use the player to perform historical playback complete with incident timeline and tags, allowing you to reconstruct the exact sequence of events, such as unauthorized access to sensitive files or changes to system configurations that occurred leading up to a security incident. These recordings provide you with a tamper-proof "black box" of irrefutable forensic evidence, enabling you to differentiate between accidental policy violations and intentional malicious behavior with absolute clarity.

  • Remote Control: The Remote Control feature built-in the Session Player enables you to immediately contain a propagating threat by intervening directly during a live session. If you identify a breach in progress, you can instantly launch a remote desktop session to take full control of the endpoint, or, freeze user inputs. This capability essentially allows you to "remove the user from the equation," giving you the power to stop a data exfiltration attempt or close unauthorized applications in real-time before any damage is done. By utilizing this hands-on response layer, you transform the platform from a monitoring tool into an active incident mitigation system.

  • OCR: The Optical Character Recognition (OCR) feature significantly accelerates your forensic discovery by indexing every piece of text that appears on a user's screen, regardless of the application or document type. You can use the OCR dashboard to perform high-speed, global searches for sensitive keywords, such as client names, credit card numbers, or proprietary project titles across screen recordings to uncover hidden patterns of data mishandling. Alternatively, you can use OCR rules to automate the process. OCR is particularly effective for detecting "visual" threats, such as text within images, encrypted messages, or non-searchable PDF files that traditional data loss prevention tools would overlook. Within your search results, you can click a camera icon to see a screenshot marking the areas where the text was identified or jump directly to the exact moment in a video recording, providing you with immediate visual context for the violation.

Leverage Productivity Metrics to Identify Behavioral Red Flags

You can use Teramind’s Productivity Dashboard to identify shifts in professional behavior, which often serve as early warning signs of an insider threat. By monitoring these metrics, you can flag users who may be disgruntled, burnt out, or compromised before a security incident occurs.

How it works:

  • Behavioral Indicators: You can establish a unique behavioral baseline for every user by monitoring individual employee highlights and average productivity trends. A sudden, sustained drop in productive time or a spike in activity within the "most unproductive" applications can signal a "quiet quitter" or a disgruntled employee who may be planning to exfiltrate data.

  • Temporal Anomalies: You can use the Productivity dashboard to pinpoint users working at unusual hours or those whose activity levels deviate significantly from their established norms. Because the overall trends and productivity detail track exactly when employees are active, you can easily spot significant late-night or weekend sessions. These anomalies may indicate that an insider is attempting to perform unauthorized tasks, such as bulk data exfiltration, while they believe they are unmonitored.

  • Location-Based Discrepancies: You can use the location-based reporting to identify outliers in performance across different offices or remote settings. A significant drop in productivity at a specific remote location compared to the company baseline may indicate an employee is working from an unsecure environment or is distracted by "off-system" activities that could lead to negligence or data mishandling. Coupling that with the Geolocation Dashboard helps you identify "impossible travel" scenarios and other remote work risks.

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These articles provide practical guides and deep dives into the technical and strategic aspects of internal security and insider threats.

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